4 ideas
It backed Clive's conspiracy against Siraj-ud-Daulah before Plassey in 1757. Afterward the bankers Mahtab Rai and Swaroop Chand were killed in 1763 on the orders of Mir Qasim, and the East India Company built its own treasury and revenue machinery, so the house that made the new regime possible was steadily made unnecessary by it.
The hundi was an indigenous bill of exchange that let a merchant pay or remit funds across India without moving coin. It could be endorsed onward and discounted, so it circulated like money. Its value rested on the issuing firm's standing within a dense community network, where a single default became known everywhere and ended the firm's access to credit.
Young men from Rajasthan were sent to established firms as munims or gumashtas and lived in communal lodgings called basas. There they learned bookkeeping, trading, and speculation under senior kinsmen. Successful apprentices were later staked with capital and credit to open their own branches or firms, so the community reproduced its trained, trusted operators and spread its geographic reach.
Marwari dominance came from collective infrastructure: pooled kin capital, shared market information, reputation enforcement, and mutual support across a diaspora. These let firms move quickly into new opportunities.