Authenticate the object, not the text
Two copies can carry identical text and still be different books. Their authenticity and value sit in material particulars: paper stock, binding, printer's marks, colophons and small variations between the engraved plates. The bibliographic detective therefore works by side-by-side physical collation. He assumes a forgery or deliberate variant will betray itself in a detail no one thought to copy, not in what the book says.