The ruler should dispatch informants posing as merchants, travelers, Sufis, and physicians throughout the realm to report on the conduct of governors, officials, and the condition of subjects. This surveillance keeps distant administrators honest because they cannot know which visitor reports back to the court.
A just ruler must personally hold open audience for complaints at least twice a week so the wronged can bypass the very officials who oppress them. Removing the intermediaries who would otherwise suppress grievances is what deters subordinate cruelty, since officials learn their victims can reach the throne directly.
Soldiers and officials granted land-revenue assignments (iqta) hold them as temporary stewards who collect only their lawful due and must leave cultivators otherwise untouched, with the land reverting to the state. Treating such grants as conditional stewardship rather than private property is meant to prevent the extraction that ruins the peasantry and erodes the tax base.