The Struma: refugees stranded, towed, then sunk
In December 1941 the Struma, an unseaworthy cattle boat carrying about 780 Jewish refugees from Romania, broke down and was held off Istanbul for roughly ten weeks. Britain refused entry certificates for Palestine and Turkey refused to let the passengers land. On 23 February 1942 Turkish authorities towed the engineless ship into the Black Sea, where a Soviet submarine torpedoed it the next day, leaving one known survivor, David Stoliar.
