Principal Doctrines

Epicurus

4 ideas

  1. The Tetrapharmakos: four-part remedy for anxiety

    Four claims treat the main sources of human distress. The gods are blessed and untroubled, so they neither punish nor bother with humans. Death is nothing to us, pleasure is easy to get, and pain is either short if intense or bearable if long. Each fear is removed by showing its object is absent or smaller than imagined.

  2. Three classes of desire sorted by need

    Desires are either natural and necessary (food, shelter, friendship), natural but unnecessary (luxurious food, sex), or neither natural nor necessary (fame, power, wealth beyond need). You can drop them without pain, and when you do, satisfaction becomes cheap and reliable.

  3. Justice is a compact against mutual harm

    Justice has no existence in itself. It is an agreement among people not to harm or be harmed, and it binds only where such a compact is possible. A law counts as just only while it serves the mutual advantage of the community, and it stops being just once it stops doing so. Injustice is bad not in itself but because of the fear of being found out.

  4. Pleasure peaks at the removal of pain

    The limit of pleasure is reached once all pain is removed, and after that pleasure can only be varied, not increased. The highest good is therefore ataraxia, an untroubled mind, together with a body free of pain, not a pile of stimulation. Among the things wisdom provides for a happy life, the greatest is securing friends.

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