Cover of More work for mother

More work for mother

5 ideas

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  1. Easier tools raise the standard

    When a tool makes a task easier, the bar for doing it well rises, and the saved effort goes into the higher bar. A stove that can cook several dishes at once replaced the one-pot meal with a varied menu. Finer flour replaced simple quick breads with yeast breads and cakes, and cleanliness standards climbed as the machines spread.

  2. Gadgets erase the helpers

    Machines that let one person do what a household of several once did end up leaving that one person to do all of it. Once a single housewife could produce a middle-class standard of cleanliness on her own, it became hard to justify paying a servant. Husbands were freed to work outside the home, so the sharing of chores fell apart.

  3. Housework time never shrinks

    Over centuries of new household technology, full-time homemakers kept working about the same number of hours. Homemakers in the 1980s worked roughly as many weekly hours as those three hundred years earlier, and in 1965 about as many as in 1912. Mechanizing the home changed what the work was, not how much of it there was.

  4. New tools reorganize the work

    Housework uses tools just as factory work does, so a new tool does not just speed up one task. It reshuffles who does what and what the job includes. Each new appliance or product led to a reorganization of household labor, rather than simply subtracting effort from the old arrangement.

  5. Labor-saving for whom?

    Household machines did save labor, but the labor they saved was mostly that of men, children, and servants, not the person who ran the house. The stove cut the need for fuel and factory flour ended home grinding, both men's jobs, while cooking itself stayed about as hard. A tool can lighten a task overall and still leave the main worker's burden untouched.

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