Cover of Common Sense

Common Sense

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  1. Government is a necessary evil

    Society is produced by our wants and is a positive good, while government is produced by our wickedness and is at best a necessary evil. Government exists only to restrain our vices when moral virtue proves insufficient, so its simplest, least costly form is preferable to any elaborate one.

  2. Judge a constitution by failure points

    To evaluate a form of government, ignore its claimed virtues and locate where it fails and why, since the true test is how it performs under strain. The English constitution's defect is that it presumes the king will act against the national interest, then grants him the power and revenue to do exactly that.

  3. Hereditary succession as absurd lottery

    Treating rule as inheritable property insults posterity, because a virtue in a first ruler gives no guarantee about his descendants, who may be fools, knaves, or minors governed through regents. Nature disproves monarchy by frequently producing an ass where it demands a lion.

  4. Size dictates the natural ruler

    The relationship of a small island governing a large continent is reversed from nature, where satellites never outrank the primary body they orbit. A continent cannot permanently be governed from across an ocean by a smaller distant power without eventual rupture.

  5. Protection is self-interest, not kindness

    Reframe a protector's defense of you as service to its own commercial and strategic interests rather than affection or parental duty. Britain shielded the colonies to secure trade and would have defended any profitable territory regardless of attachment, so gratitude is misplaced and the bond is contractual, not familial.

  6. Reconciliation delay compounds future cost

    Postponing a necessary separation does not avoid it but transfers a larger, more painful version onto the next generation, so the present moment of relative strength and unity is the cheapest time to act. The longer union persists past its usefulness, the deeper the eventual wound and the weaker the position from which to make the break.

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