3 ideas
When distribution becomes free and transaction costs approach zero, value shifts away from owning supply toward owning the demand-side relationship with users. Aggregators win by controlling the user interface and using superior experience to attract users, which forces suppliers to commoditize themselves onto the platform, creating a self-reinforcing flywheel.
Companies win by integrating across the part of the value chain where the limiting factor on customer satisfaction still lives, while letting the rest modularize. When a product is not yet good enough, integrated control produces better results; once it overshoots customer needs, modular competitors undercut on price and flexibility.
Software and digital goods can be reproduced and distributed at essentially zero marginal cost, which means scarcity-based business logic no longer applies and the strategic question becomes who controls scarce attention or distribution rather than scarce production. Pricing, moats, and competitive dynamics must be reasoned about from abundance, not scarcity.